Insights into early face powder

From the Manual on Theory and Practice of Beauty Culture 1939:

Powders

11. For what purposes are face powders used?
Face powders are used to improve the appearance of the skin; they are also beneficial in soothing an irritated surface and in affording protection against the drying and roughening effects of the weather.

12. How do powders produce a cooling effect on the skin?
A layer of powder dusted lightly over the skin aids evaporation by increasing the area over which the perspiration is spread and thus produces a cooling feeling.

13. Name some ingredients used in making face powders.
Face powders are usually composed of some of the following harmless ingredients: talcum, starches (corn, rice and potato), orris root powder, bismuth salts, magnesium silicate or carbonate, French chalk, perfumes. Stearates, kaolin, etc., are used for their adhesive properties; zinc oxide is used to give weight and body.

14. How is the fine texture of face powder accomplished?
By sifting it through a bolting cloth, usually of silk, after it has been ground.

15. How are face powders made heavy and adhesive?
So called "cold cream" powders are mixed with oil to make them heavy and adhesive; a type of powder that should not be used on an oily skin.

16. What is the best weight of powder for a normal skin?
A medium weight powder made of the proper ingredients is the best for a normal skin. In the cheaper grades of powders, the starches used are likely to form a paste on the skin, and the cheap perfumes used for scent may irritate it.

17. For what purposes are toilet powders used?
Toilet powders are used after the bath and after shaving, and to relieve irritated surfaces.

18. What substances are commonly used for toilet powder bade, and which is best?
Toilet powders usually have a corn starch, talcum or rice powder base. Talcum is the most satisfactory base for a toilet powder as it is not absorbent and is not affected by moisture. The vegetable powders, such as rice and corn starch, are likely to decompose when applied to the skin after the bath.

19. How are liquid powders made?
They are made by combining a whitening substance with a liquid, which then applied to the skin, leaves a deposit resembling a white wash. All traces should be wiped away before retiring for the night.

20. How are compact powders made?
Mucilage or some similar substance is used to bind the ingredients together. the paste is dried in molds to fit the various compacts for which it is made.

Wedding Hair Styles

Hair styles for your wedding can be very fancy, see photo left, or very ordinary. This wedding hair style features a lot of twists, curls and special effects.

This is not a style that you can easily create on your own. For best results, print a picture of the hair style that you like and take it into your stylist. A picture will help your stylist visualize what you are looking for.

Some brides even schedule a trial run several weeks before the wedding just to make sure their hair will be perfect and the way they want.

See more wedding hair styles in large photo gallery

The Beautiful Backyard Wedding Ideas

Beautiful Backyard Wedding Ideas
Engraved silver bracelets would also You can give your bridesmaids pearl tin cup necklaces for their bridesmaid gifts so they will have the perfect wedding jewelry. Simple jewelry is best for a backyard. Choose bridesmaid dresses which are easy and sweet, such as yellow and white striped seersucker sundresses. White linen is also an option if you can stand the wrinkles.

Beautiful Backyard Wedding Ideas
For the bride, soft flowing fabrics like chiffon or sheer cotton are lovely. The best attire for a backyard wedding is pretty but unstuffy. They will tend to look better in a casual setting and will also fare better if the day is breezy. If you want to enhance the tables with candles, opt for votives over taper candles.

Hang garlands of flowers from tree to tree or suspend a floral wreath from the side of an old oak tree. Fill white pitchers with blue hydrangeas, arrange assorted wildflowers in tin pails, or create classic centerpieces of pink peonies in simple clear glass vases. Definitely choose centerpieces which are unstructured and loosely arranged, which will be in harmony with nature. Flowers are a natural for decorating an outdoor party.

Beautiful Backyard Wedding Ideas
Using lanterns as a repeating design element throughout the backyard will help to unify the space. The classic round lanterns are pretty and affordable; if you want to splurge, think about getting more elaborate glass lanterns with unique forms. They can look great for any style of wedding, whether you are having a super casual party or more of a romantic garden party. Paper lanterns are one of the easiest way to transform a yard into a party. There are many great ways to decorate a backyard for a wedding.

Beautiful Backyard Wedding Ideas
Try mixing patterns, such as a floral and a stripe to keep the feeling light and carefree. If using the round tables with umbrellas, choose tablecloths that complement the colors in the umbrellas for a coordinated effect. Drape the tables with weighted tablecloths or use colorful runners down the center to add style. Long family style picnic tables with wooden benches can be surprisingly comfortable, and will feel steadier on grass than folding chairs. The seating for a backyard wedding need not be fancy, but it should make your guests feel at ease.

Beautiful Backyard Wedding Ideas
Wicker or teak furniture with comfy cushions will make for an inviting place to relax. Another idea is to set up a garden "lounge" area under a large awning or in a gazebo. Make them extra special by wrapping garlands of fresh daisies around the umbrella posts. A formal tent might feel a bit stuffy for a backyard reception, so think about patio tables with big festive umbrellas for the seating. If your wedding will take place during the daytime, you will want to offer some shade for your guests.

Take a look at these ideas for wonderful backyard weddings. There is nothing quite like the comforts of home, and an informal backyard wedding can be a great place to hold your wedding celebration. What could be more charming than a wedding right in your own backyard?

The Planning A Backyard Wedding

Backyard Weddings

At the opposite end of the yard from the canopy, a table for the wedding With a small yard, the tow can be combined to an extent. With a good sized yard, one side can be set up for the ceremony and the other side set up for the reception. Arranging the yard for both ceremony and wedding reception is fairly simple. Add in silk flowers here and there, and you have a beautiful setting for your nuptials.

Backyard Weddings

Even here, you can save by using tulle and ribbon for the biggest part of your decorating. By not having the expense of renting a location for the wedding and reception, you may be able to afford more on decorating than you would have otherwise. For the wedding ceremony itself, you can rent a canopy and folding chairs for seating. By having a backyard wedding, you avoid that and can enjoy the simple pleasure on decorating the yard. Booking locations for the ceremony and wedding reception can be stressful, time consuming, and expensive.

Backyard Weddings
But a nice, small intimate wedding has much to recommend it. Of course, the wedding ceremony and reception would have to be a small one, unless it is a huge backyard. It will add one more very special memory. It is a place that holds special memories for them and that is why they want to be married there. Sometimes it is their parent's backyard, or it could be their grandparent's backyard. Some brides have their hearts set on having their wedding in the backyard where they grew up.

Beach Weddings Ideas: Five Reasons Why You Should Have One

Beach Weddings

Beach Weddings
Since you kept it modest and with the help of a wedding advisor, a beach wedding (paradoxically) might be less intense to plan, allowing the bride to feel like all she has to do is show up. Reason Four: Much less hassle. The shared meals and adventures, ranging from golf to meditation, produce a wonderful, intimate and camp-like ambience. Just think what that would do to your overall wedding budget Reason Three: It gives you the permission for you to experience substantial time with family and friends.

Beach Weddings
Imagine slashing your guest list to 75% of what it could be otherwise; that means if your wedding guests list was two hundred it will be a mere 50. Not only will you be in a position to count on additional declines, you'll also be better able to explain your choice to keep things small and intimate. Reason Two: A scaled-down wedding list. No longer do you see the similar church, the exact same deejay, the very same tray-passed hors d'oeuvres as the last three weddings. Reason One: By taking your big wedding on the road, you quickly make it romantic, different and memorable.

Beach Weddings
And there are 5 really exceptional reasons for that. And its lure just keeps growing. Beach weddings have increased in popularity in the last ten years. You're not the only one particular who thinks like that. And guess what!

Nothing may be much more romantic than that. Imagine having palm trees, bougainvillea, as well as the ocean blue from the Pacific Ocean as the backdrop for your beach wedding.

Vera Wang Bridal Gowns Collection

Vera Wang Bridal Gowns
Celebrities who The persona of detail and the display of elegance quickly gained her recognition the world over. Vera's salon opened in 1990 which debuted her bridal collection. To resolve this, she created a bridal line of her very own.

Vera Wang Bridal Gowns
All dresses were traditional and didn't have the style and sophistication she was looking for. That was when she realized that there was no fashion when it comes to the bridal business. Vera worked as a Fashion Director for Vogue magazine and a design director for Ralph Lauren. During the 90s, Vera Wang was often a celebs' best friend on their wedding day. Vera Wang is one designer who knows this as she has broken away from traditional design and started her own unique designs.

Vera Wang Bridal Gowns
Style and fashion are important to convey how you feel about the man you're marrying and your own unique tastes. Knowing that all eyes will be on you initiates a quest for the perfect dress. You want to look your absolute best while walking up that aisle to your mate for life. The biggest concern on the brides mind is your wedding dress.

Vera Wang Bridal Gowns
Read below to help find that perfect dress. There are many wedding dresses that convey your style and fashion for a reasonable amount of money. It doesn't have to be that way. You want to be unique and stylish but not have to take out a loan to buy a dress. Your dress is your biggest concern. With your wedding day on the horizon you're getting everything ready for the big day.

Best Valentino Wedding Dress Collection

Valentino Wedding Dress

Valentino Wedding Dress

Valentino Wedding Dress

Valentino Wedding Dress

Valentino Wedding Dress

Valentino, the legendary fashion icon never seems to disappoint. Whether it’s for his fabulous high-end accessories, haute couture clothing, or glamorous bridal, each Valentino collection marries refined classic elegance with groundbreaking originality that is synonymous with his name.

Ulla Maija Bridal Gowns Collection

Ulla Maija Bridal Gowns

Ulla Maija Bridal Gowns

Ulla Maija Bridal Gowns

Ulla Maija Bridal Gowns

Ulla Maija Bridal Gowns

Ulla Maija Bridal Gowns
Ulla Maija bridal is the only International couture bridal business still run exclusively in the United States. Today, the Ulla Maija brand is the collaborative effort of a group of highly trained designers who operate with the same simple goal in mind—create pure luxurious gowns for its brides.

Last Bride of the Season

Wedding season is starting to wind down and the rest of the weddings I am working on for the next month or so are for other stylist friends in which I am not working on the bride, just the wedding party. So this is my last bride of the season and I am so glad to finish on that note because she chose one of my favorite type of styles, the long wavy curls like Rita Hayworth.


She didn't specifically ask to look like Hayworth. She just wanted her hair down with big curls around her face and her makeup heavier on the upper lid with only a little definition on the lower lid. She tried red lips and decided she felt too self-conscious since she never wears red normally. Pink has been a color for lips for many years, so it isn't incorrect historically.

Alissa's hair is just past her shoulders in length with not many layers and she has long bangs down to her nose. I rolled her hair in medium hot rollers with the top rollers on-base going forward at a 45 degree angle. The side rollers were actually turned on their side and rolled forward. The back is rolled to have a straight crown with the rollers low on the head like most of the flat crown hairstyles in the book.

After the rollers cooled, I just fingered through with some pomade to control fly-aways, form the top to go back and over. It took a few minutes to get the curls in the places I wanted. I wish you could just brush through and go on these styles, but it does take some finessing to get everything to lay where you want it. I sprayed with hairspray and put in a few bobby pins to hold the shape in a few spots.

Tomasina Trendy Wedding Gown Collection

Tomasina Trendy Wedding Gown

Tomasina Trendy Wedding Gown

Tomasina Trendy Wedding Gown

Tomasina Trendy Wedding Gown

Tomasina Trendy Wedding Gown
Tomasina has a background rooted in painting, Tomasina’s gowns are truly works of fashionable art. As in International sensation, Tomasina is sold in the most prestigious salons worldwide. This spring, she unveils several original gowns using gold-colored duchess silk satin.

Tara Keely Elegant Wedding Dress Collection

Tara Keely Elegant Wedding Dress

Tara Keely Elegant Wedding Dress

Tara Keely Elegant Wedding Dress

Tara Keely Elegant Wedding Dress

Tara Keely Elegant Wedding Dress

Tara Keely brings a young, fresh approach to bridal with some of the hottest trendy dresses in the industry today. Tara Keely’s designs always don a little twist of the unexpected. The Spring 2010 Collection includes gowns with satin ribbon accents at the waist, pleated lace, and layers of tulle in the skirt, organza overlays, crystal-beaded bodices, and sparkly brooches to add interest. Some even have pockets.

Richard Glasgow In New Bridal Gown Collections

Richard Glasgow Bridal Gown Collections

Richard Glasgow Bridal Gown Collections

Richard Glasgow Bridal Gown Collections

Richard Glasgow Bridal Gown Collections

Richard Glasgow prides himself on the fact that he is involved in the design and construction of every dress. He actually uses special shears to cut each gown to the exact measurements of his brides.

Need to find wedding hairstyles fast?

So, you've waited till the last minute to do your hair for your big wedding day. You need a great-looking style fast. Where do you start?

This style, see Kate Moss left, is a quick and easy updo hairstyle that will work for an elegant wedding hairstyle. Add height in the crown area by gently back combing small sections of hair.  Smooth over the top with your fingers and gently sweep the hair over to one side with no visible part.

Next, pull all the hair back and twist into a medium height chignon in the back. Pin the ends of the hair into place. Insert veil, cue the music...and you are ready to walk down the aisle.

This is low fuss hairstyle for Kate Moss who decided to pull her locks back. This easy look is great for those busy people always on the go.  See more wedding hairstyles .

Are you people mad?!

We are wusses compared to women back in the day. We worry that ratting our hair too much with damage it, when these ladies were burning it to make it healthier! Looking through my old beauty school book I came across this treatment for the condition of trichoptilosis (split ends) with illustrations and all.

There are a lot of old techniques I highly recommend for getting a retro look, but please don't do this one. This has bad accident written all over it.

Clipping and Singeing

24. How is the condition of trichoptilosis or split ends treated?
Trichoptilosis or split ends is treated either by clipping or singeing, which removes the unsightly appearance of the split ends, and prevents further splitting.

28. When and why is hair singed?
The hair is singed preferably before a shampoo, because shampooing will remove the unpleasant odor of singed hair, and also the unsightly burned hair ends.

29. Briefly describe the method of singeing a hair bob.
Run the flame of the wax taper over the ends of the hair, held straight through the teeth of the comb.

30. Briefly describe the method of singeing long hair.
The hair is divided into sections about one inch square, each section is twisted tightly and ruffled, and held near the ends. The flame of the wax taper is then moved rapidly all along the hair strands, thereby singeing all protruding ends.

31. How often should the hair be clipped or singed?
The hair should be clipped or singed as often as there are split ends present.

I hope they didn't treat the condition of trichoptilosis after working with this shampoo. This description is given after the info about egg shampoo, but before the method for dissolving soap curds.

Gasoline Shampoo (Liquid Dry)

1. When is a gasoline shampoo recommended, and how is it given?
This is another shampoo which may be given to a patron whose health will not permit her to have a wet shampoo. Prepare the patron as for a plain shampoo. Gasoline, benzine, carbona, or some like agent, is usually used for the purpose. Slowly pour about a cupful over the patron's hair, being sure not to rub, brush, or give manipulations of any kind. Lift the hair carefully in sections, as you pour, so that the liquid will cover all parts of the head. Squeeze the excess moisture gently from the hair, then pat gently with a towel. Fanning will assist in drying. Do not use an electric or gas dryer. (Duh!) After the hair is dry, an oil or ointment may be rubbed into the hair to finish the shampoo.

Waving and Curling Theory Part 3

Paper Curling

1. How is a paper curl given?
The hair is divided into small strands which are formed into flat ringlets held in place by means of a folded piece of paper. The curls are heated between the prongs of a pressing iron and when they are cool are then combed and brushed out and placed into wave resembling a soft marcel. The curls may also be set into hanging curls.

2. What factors are to be considered in giving a paper curl?
The texture of the hair, skill in winding the strands, care in slipping the hair from the curling stick, temperature of the pressing iron, and setting of the wave.

Round Curling

1. What is a round curl?
A round curl is a wave produced by twisting the hair tightly and evenly around a heated curling iron.

2. What kind of hairdress does round curling produce?
A round curl produces a fluffy hairdress and is flattering to women with thin faces and fine features. Round curling is also desirable for very fine hair as it tends to bring out the missing fullness.

Brush Curling

1. For what kind of hair is brush curling used?
Brush curling the permanent wave is often more satisfactory for very fine and thin hair than finger waving. This kind of wave will give a soft, fluffy effect and help cover partially bald spots on the head.

2. Briefly describe the brush curling process.
A brush curl may be briefly described as a curl made by tightly winding a wet strand of hair around the index finger in an overlapping curl, smoothly brushing with a stiff brush, securely pinning to the scalp with wire pins, and carefully drying with artificial heat. After the drying, the pins are removed, and the curls combed out and formed with the fingers and comb into waves. (This basically sounds like a wave created by a pin curl, but here they call it a brush curl.)

The Beautiful Of Autumn Wedding Decoration Concept

Autumn Wedding Decoration

If you are looking to really make and impression and want something different for you wedding, Use the nature around you to inspire color and texture for your day. Favors could be as simple as some roasted pumpkin seeds in a small burlap sachet and a ribbon. The use of pumpkins, fall leaves, acorns, and gourds will set a warm tone for your wedding, and they are all inexpensive ways to decorate.

Autumn Wedding Decoration

October brings burnt ochre, deep russet, and forest green tones. You need to look to a local apple orchard for color and decoration inspiration-small apple details printed on place cards, apple topiaries as centerpieces, warm apple cider as a cocktail option, and milling spices as a parting gift for your guests. September offers delicious reds, muted greens, and golden yellows. There are so many options with a fall wedding.

Autumn Wedding Decoration

But don't make that a worry, as long as you have a Plan B in place, you will still benefit from the crisp beauty of the season. But, have a back up plan with either a tent or a quick indoor location, because Mother Nature is not always willing to give you the perfect sunny day you wish for. With the change in the foliage, you can plan your wedding to be outdoors and minimize the need for decorations during your ceremony. Autumn has always been a popular season to be married, and recently it seems that everyone is taking advantage of the perfect weather fall has to offer and of course, the rich, bold, natural color palette.

Autumn Wedding Decoration